Steam – organic working fluid
Steam rankine cycle
Thermodynamic features and consequences
- High enthalpy drop
- High pressures and temperatures
- Superheating needed
- Risk of blade erosion
Operation and maintenance costs
- Water treatment required
- Highly skilled personnel needed
Other features
- Low flexibility with significantly lower performances at partial load
- Convenience for large kilns and systems with low raw material water content
Organic rankine cycle
Thermodynamic features and consequences
- Small enthalpy drop
- Low pressure and temperatures
- No need to superheat
- No risk of blade erosion
Operation and maintenance costs
- Water-free system
- Minimum personnel and fully automatic system
Other features
- High flexibility
- High availability (average >98%)
- Well-matched with small- to medium-size, high-efficiency kilns or kilns with elevated raw material moisture content